Standard Pallet Sizes: What Is the Size of a Pallet?
The standard pallet size depends on where you are in the world. In North America, it's 48 × 40 inches (122 × 102 cm). In Europe, the standard is 120 × 80 cm (47 × 31.5 inches). These two sizes handle the vast majority of global freight—but there are important variations you should know about.
Quick Answer: Standard Pallet Dimensions
If you're in a hurry, here are the most common pallet sizes you'll encounter:
| Standard | Size (Inches) | Size (CM) | Size (MM) |
|---|---|---|---|
| North American (GMA) | 48 × 40" | 122 × 102 cm | 1219 × 1016 mm |
| European (EUR/EPAL) | 47.2 × 31.5" | 120 × 80 cm | 1200 × 800 mm |
| ISO International | 47.2 × 39.4" | 120 × 100 cm | 1200 × 1000 mm |
| Asia-Pacific | 43.3 × 43.3" | 110 × 110 cm | 1100 × 1100 mm |
Tip When someone asks "what is the standard pallet size?" without specifying a region, they usually mean the 48×40" North American pallet or the 120×80 cm Euro pallet. These two account for roughly 80% of pallets in global trade.
Pallet Sizes in Centimeters (CM) - Full Reference
Many people search for pallet dimensions in centimeters, especially when working with international suppliers or metric-system countries. Here's a comprehensive breakdown:
| Pallet Type | Length (cm) | Width (cm) | Height (cm) | Where Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North American Standard | 122 cm | 102 cm | 15 cm | USA, Canada, Mexico |
| Euro Pallet (EUR1) | 120 cm | 80 cm | 14.4 cm | Europe, UK |
| EUR2 Pallet | 120 cm | 100 cm | 14.4 cm | Europe (industrial) |
| EUR3 Pallet | 100 cm | 120 cm | 14.4 cm | Europe (retail) |
| Asia Standard | 110 cm | 110 cm | 15 cm | Japan, Korea, China |
| Australian Standard | 116.5 cm | 116.5 cm | 15 cm | Australia, NZ |
The height varies depending on whether it's a 2-way or 4-way entry pallet. Most standard pallets are between 14-16 cm (5.5-6.3 inches) tall.
The North American Standard Pallet (48" × 40")
If you're shipping or warehousing in the United States, Canada, or Mexico, this is the pallet you'll see everywhere. It's often called the "GMA pallet" because the Grocery Manufacturers Association established it as the standard decades ago.
Key Specifications
- Dimensions: 48" × 40" (122 cm × 102 cm / 1219 mm × 1016 mm)
- Height: 6" (15 cm) typical for 4-way entry
- Weight (empty): 35-50 lbs (16-23 kg) for wood
- Dynamic load capacity: 2,500-4,600 lbs (1,134-2,087 kg)
- Static load capacity: 5,000-7,500 lbs (2,268-3,402 kg)
Why 48 × 40 Inches?
This size wasn't random. It was designed to maximize space in standard American trucks and rail cars. A 53-foot trailer fits exactly 26 of these pallets in a double-stacked configuration—no wasted space. The 40-inch width also fits perfectly between standard warehouse racking.
About 30% of all wood pallets manufactured in North America are this exact size. If you're unsure what to order, this is almost always the safe choice for domestic shipping.
The European Standard Pallet (120 × 80 cm)
The Euro pallet—officially the EUR1 or EPAL pallet—is the workhorse of European logistics. You'll recognize it by its distinctive markings: "EUR" and "EPAL" branded on the corner blocks.
Key Specifications
- Dimensions: 120 cm × 80 cm (47.2" × 31.5" / 1200 mm × 800 mm)
- Height: 14.4 cm (5.7")
- Weight (empty): 20-25 kg (44-55 lbs)
- Dynamic load capacity: 1,500 kg (3,307 lbs)
- Static load capacity: 5,500 kg (12,125 lbs) when racked
Why It's Different
European trucks have different internal dimensions than American ones. The EUR pallet was designed to fit two pallets across in standard European trucks and vans. It's also slightly narrower, which works better with European warehouse infrastructure that developed around tighter spaces.
Fun fact: EPAL (European Pallet Association) maintains strict quality standards. Licensed pallets carry serial numbers and can be traced. This is why EPAL pallets often trade at a premium compared to generic wood pallets.
Standard International Pallet Sizes (ISO)
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recognizes six pallet sizes for global trade. If you're shipping containers internationally, these are the dimensions that matter:
| ISO Size | Dimensions (mm) | Dimensions (inches) | Primary Region |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 1 | 1219 × 1016 | 48 × 40" | North America |
| ISO 2 | 1200 × 1000 | 47.2 × 39.4" | Europe, Asia, containers |
| ISO 3 (EUR) | 1200 × 800 | 47.2 × 31.5" | Europe |
| ISO 4 | 1140 × 1140 | 44.9 × 44.9" | Australia |
| ISO 5 | 1100 × 1100 | 43.3 × 43.3" | Asia-Pacific |
| ISO 6 | 1067 × 1067 | 42 × 42" | North America (drums) |
The 1200 × 1000 mm size (ISO 2) is particularly popular for container shipping because it maximizes floor space in both 20-foot and 40-foot containers.
Regional Pallet Standards by Country
Beyond the big standards, different regions have developed their own preferences based on local infrastructure:
| Region/Country | Common Size | Size (CM) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 48 × 40" | 122 × 102 cm | GMA standard, 70% of pallets |
| Canada | 48 × 40" | 122 × 102 cm | Same as US for trade compatibility |
| Mexico | 48 × 40" | 122 × 102 cm | NAFTA/USMCA alignment |
| Germany | 1200 × 800 mm | 120 × 80 cm | EUR/EPAL, strict quality |
| UK | 1200 × 1000 mm | 120 × 100 cm | Shifting toward EUR post-Brexit |
| Japan | 1100 × 1100 mm | 110 × 110 cm | JIS standard, square format |
| China | 1200 × 1000 mm | 120 × 100 cm | T-11 standard growing |
| Australia | 1165 × 1165 mm | 116.5 × 116.5 cm | CHEP blue pallets common |
| South Korea | 1100 × 1100 mm | 110 × 110 cm | T-11 compatible |
Choosing the Right Pallet Size
Selecting the appropriate pallet size requires careful consideration of your entire supply chain from warehouse storage through transportation to final delivery.
Consider These Factors:
1. Transportation Mode
- Truck trailers: 48×40" maximizes space in standard 53' trailers
- Shipping containers: 1200×1000mm fits 20' and 40' containers perfectly
- Rail transport: Follow regional standards for compatibility
2. Warehouse Racking
- Measure rack openings before ordering
- Allow 3-6 inches clearance on each side
- Consider aisle width for forklift maneuvering
3. Product Footprint
- Match pallet size to product base dimensions
- Minimize overhang (max 3 inches per side)
- Ensure even weight distribution
4. Industry Standards
- Grocery/Retail: 48×40" North American standard
- Automotive: EUR pallets (1200×800mm)
- Chemicals: EUR or ISO standards
- Pharmaceuticals: Often custom sizes for cleanrooms
Pallet Height Standards
While length and width are standardized pallet heights can vary significantly based on entry type and load requirements.
Related Topics
Standard Heights:
- 4-way entry pallets: 5.5" - 6" (140-150mm)
- 2-way entry pallets: 4" - 5" (100-125mm)
- Low-profile pallets: 3" - 4" (75-100mm)
- Tall pallets: 7" - 8" (180-200mm) for heavy loads
Maximum Load Height:
The combined height of pallet plus load typically should not exceed:
- Warehouse storage: 48" for safe stacking
- Truck shipping: 96" - 100" total (including pallet)
- Container shipping: 86" for standard 20' containers
When moving pallets with high-lift equipment or scissor lifts always account for the combined pallet and load height to avoid overhead clearance issues.
Custom Pallet Sizes
When standard sizes do not fit your needs custom pallets may be the solution. Many manufacturers offer custom fabrication services for specialized applications.
Common Custom Scenarios:
- Extremely heavy products requiring reinforced construction
- Odd-shaped products that do not fit standard footprints
- Specialized equipment or machinery
- Export to countries with unique standards
Custom Size Considerations:
- Cost: 20-50% more expensive than standard sizes
- Availability: Longer lead times (2-4 weeks)
- Compatibility: May not fit standard racking or trucks
- Resale: Difficult to sell used custom pallets
Frequently Asked Questions About Pallet Sizes
What is the size of a pallet?
The most common pallet size is 48 × 40 inches (122 × 102 cm) in North America, and 120 × 80 cm (47 × 31.5 inches) in Europe. These two standards account for the majority of pallets used in global logistics. The exact size you need depends on your shipping region and industry requirements.
What is the standard pallet size?
The "standard" depends on where you're located. In the United States, Canada, and Mexico, the standard is 48" × 40" (known as the GMA pallet). In Europe, the standard is the EUR/EPAL pallet at 1200mm × 800mm. For international container shipping, the ISO standard of 1200mm × 1000mm is often preferred.
What is the standard international pallet size?
The most widely recognized international pallet size is 1200 × 1000 mm (47.2 × 39.4 inches), designated as ISO 2. This size maximizes space efficiency in shipping containers and is commonly used for cross-border freight. However, the 1200 × 800 mm Euro pallet is also internationally recognized and preferred for European trade.
What is the pallet size in cm?
Common pallet sizes in centimeters: North American standard is 122 × 102 cm, Euro pallet is 120 × 80 cm, ISO international is 120 × 100 cm, and Asia-Pacific standard is 110 × 110 cm. Pallet heights typically range from 14-16 cm depending on the entry type (2-way or 4-way).
What is the most common pallet size in the world?
The 48 × 40 inch pallet is most common in North America (about 30% of all pallets manufactured there), while the EUR pallet (120 × 80 cm) dominates Europe. When you combine global trade, the ISO 1200 × 1000 mm size is increasingly popular because it works well with shipping containers.
How do I know what pallet size I need?
Start by measuring your product dimensions, then check your warehouse racking specifications. Consider your primary shipping method (truck vs. container) and follow your industry's conventions. If you're shipping domestically in North America, go with 48 × 40". For European trade, use 120 × 80 cm. For container shipping, consider 120 × 100 cm.
Can I use European pallets in North America?
You can, but it's inefficient. EUR pallets (120 × 80 cm) don't maximize space in standard 53-foot American trailers and may not fit all warehouse racking systems. You'll waste trailer space and potentially create handling issues. For domestic North American shipping, stick with the 48 × 40" standard.
What size pallet fits in a 20-foot shipping container?
A 20-foot container can hold approximately 10-11 standard EUR pallets (1200×800mm) or 9-10 ISO pallets (1200×1000mm) in a single layer. The ISO size is more efficient for container shipping.